基于气候适宜度的夏玉米发育期模拟模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王展  刘荣花  薛明  李树岩 《气象科学》2015,35(1):77-82

结合前人气候适宜度的研究成果,以作物生理生态发育过程为基础,构建了夏玉米发育期预报模型。模型中分别建立了夏玉米温度、降水、日照时数适宜度函数,并结合河南省19个农业气象试验站的夏玉米发育期资料,运用通径分析法确定各个生育期温度、降水和日照的影响权重系数,计算出综合适宜度,用来预测夏玉米生育期。结果表明,模型能够较好地预测各个发育期(出苗、七叶、拔节、抽雄、乳熟和成熟)。建模资料的模拟值与观测值比较的均方根误差分别为1.5、3.1、3.4、2.9、4.0、4.5 d。运用独立资料对模型所作预测值的均方根误差在1.0~4.6 d之间。  相似文献   

内蒙古绥和查干地区多金属矿床流体包裹体研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐然  孙俊俊  葛梦春  谢德凡 《山东国土资源》2015,31(3):1-6

内蒙古绥和查干铜铅锌多金属矿床是典型的热液矿床,处于大兴安岭成矿带南段、内蒙古二连-东乌旗铁铜钼多金属成矿远景区。该文对矿床中流体包裹体进行研究,结果发现,矿床划分为2个成矿期次:早阶段属中高温(320~380℃);晚阶段属中低温(140~160℃)。包裹体的捕获温度也存在2个高峰期,矿床属于中—高温热液矿床。盐度也存在2个高峰范围,第一个高峰范围在0~4%之间;第二个高峰范围在5%~9.6%之间。流体压力范围介于22.6~101.4 MPa,均值为59.9 MPa,成矿的平均深度为当时地表以下1.95 km,属中深成矿床,成矿流体具有中—高温至中—低盐度性质。2个成矿期次和矿区的2次构造运动相对应,矿体定位受断裂构造控制,属于典型的断控脉状矿床。  相似文献   

油气成藏期研究方法     

刘文超  叶加仁  郭飞飞 《海洋地质前沿》2011,(8):59-65

目前可用于确定油气成藏期的方法有多种,各有其优缺点.重点介绍了储层岩石学、流体包裹体分析、油气水界面追溯、油储磁性矿物古地磁学、油田卤水碘同位素及储层矿物沥青等方法的原理,评述了不同方法的有效性与局限性,认为不同方法结合使用可以实现油气成藏期的精确厘定.  相似文献   

走进新时代的中国城市地理学——建所70周年城市地理与城市发展研究成果及展望     

方创琳  陈田  刘盛和 《地理科学进展》2011,30(4):397-408

本文回顾了中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所建所70年城市地理与城市发展研究的变迁历程,并将其划分为缓慢探索阶段(1949-1980年)、积极参与阶段(1981-1990年)、快速拓展阶段(1991-2000年)和逐步深化阶段(2000年以来)4大阶段,系统总结了城市地理科研工作者在中国设市预测与规划调整、中国城镇体系规划...  相似文献   

Early-season mapping of crops and cultural operations using very high spatial resolution Pléiades images     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of very high spatial resolution (VHSR) Pléiades images to both early season crop identification and the mapping of bare soil surface characteristics due to cultural operations. The study region covering 21 km² is located west of the peri-urban territory of the Versailles plain and the Alluets plateau (Yvelines, France). About 100 cropped fields were observed on the ground synchronously with two Pléiades images of 3 and 24 April 2013 and one SPOT4 image of 2 April 2013. The GIS structuring of these field data along with vector information about field boundaries was used for delimitating both training and test zones for the support vector machine classifier with polynomial function kernel (pSVM). The pSVM was computed on the spectral bands and NDVI for both single-date Pléiades and the bi-temporal Pléiades pair. For the single-date classifications of crops, the overall per-pixel accuracy reached 87% for the SPOT4 image of 2 April (6 classes), 79% for the Pléiades image of 3 April (6 classes) and 82% for that of 24 April (7 classes). At the earlier date (2–3 April), the Pléiades image very well discriminated cultural operations (>77%, user’s or producer’s accuracies) as well as fallows and grasslands, while winter cereals and rapeseed were better discriminated by the SPOT4 image winter cereals (>70%, user’s or producer’s accuracies). As Pléiades images revealed within-field spatial variations of early phenological stages of winter cereals that could be critical for adjusting management of zones with delayed development during the growing season, they brought information complementary to multispectral images with high spatial resolution. For the bi-temporal Pléiades image, the overall per-pixel accuracy was about 80% (7 classes), winter crops, grasslands and fallows being very well detected while confusions occurred between spring barley at initial stages (2–3 leaves) and bare soils prepared for other spring crops. Using an additional validation field set covering ∼1/3 of the study area croplands, the crop map resulting from the bi-temporal Pléiades pair achieved correct crop prediction for about 89.7% of the validation fields when considering composite classes for winter cereals and for spring crops. Early-season Pléiades images therefore show a considerable potential for anticipating regional crop patterns and detecting soil tillage operations in spring.  相似文献   

川西坳陷什邡地区蓬莱镇组天然气藏特征及成藏过程分析          下载免费PDF全文

赵双丰  张枝焕  李文浩刘 杏  姜丽娜 《中国地质》2015,(2):515-524

川西坳陷什邡地区蓬莱镇组气藏属于浅层常规—致密砂岩次生气藏,其形成机制不同于下伏须家河组储层的致密砂岩气。研究区内主要发育岩性圈闭,天然气来自于下伏须家河组煤系烃源岩及部分受到调整和改造的须家河组原生气藏,经长距离运移后在蓬莱镇组圈闭中聚集成藏。气层集中在蓬莱镇组中上部,天然气干燥系数大,以煤型气为主。流体包裹体分析表明,研究区内蓬莱镇组共经历3期热流体活动,前两期分别为液态烃充注及气液混合烃充注,但并未形成规模油藏;第3期为大规模天然气充注,对应成藏时间为晚白垩世晚期至古近纪早期(78~34Ma)。在此基础上,结合地质构造演化、烃源岩生排烃期、储层致密化窗口及生储盖组合特征,确定了蓬莱镇组天然气藏的形成过程及成藏特征:蓬莱镇组下部储层在晚白垩世中期达到致密化,已不利于天然气聚集成藏;喜山运动时期,下伏须家河组气藏受到调整和改造,早期发育的深大断裂得以扩展,大量深部气源沿断层向上运移至蓬莱镇组中上部,形成了浅层次生气藏。  相似文献   

Temporal variation of soil erosion resistance on sloping farmland during the growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.)     

Rui Ma  Zicheng Zheng  Tingxuan Li  Shuqin He  Xizhou Zhang  Yongdong Wang  Huagang Huang  Daihua Ye 《水文研究》2021,35(9):e14353

Maize growth has great effects on soil properties and thus likely induces the changes in soil erosion resistance on sloping farmland. However, temporal variation of soil erosion resistance during the growth stages of maize is still unclear in the mountainous yellow soil area where maize is the dominant crop. In this study, four maize plots (MP) and four bare land plots (CK) were conducted to investigate soil erosion resistance, and multiple indicators of soil erosion resistance were measured including the total soil anti-scourability (TAS), mean weight diameter (MWD), soil erodibility K factor and soil shear strength (SH). A comprehensive soil erosion resistance index (CSERI) was employed to quantify the temporal variation of soil erosion resistance during the growth stages of maize (seedling stage, SS; jointing stage, JS; tasselling stage, TS; maturing stage, MS). The results showed that TAS, MWD, SH increased significantly with maize growth and SH decreased when at MS. But K factor decreased significantly over time. CSERI increased significantly during the growth stages of maize and the CSERI of JS, TS, MS increased on average by 74.72, 180.68 and 234.57% than that of SS. Compared to CK, CSERI of MP increased by 49.90, 66.82, 55.60 and 38.61% during the growth stages of maize. The temporal variation of soil erosion resistance was closely related to the changes in maize cover, maize roots and soil organic carbon. The findings demonstrated that it is necessary to consider the temporal variation of soil erosion resistance in the mountainous yellow soil area.  相似文献   

Variability of temperature,salinity and tidally‐averaged density in the middle estuary of the St Lawrence     

Langley R. Muir 《大气与海洋》2013,51(4):320-336

Abstract

Surveys in the Middle Estuary of the St Lawrence have yielded a data base consisting of more than 15,000 T‐S pairs distributed over 62 13‐h profiling stations. Although the T‐S curves at each station are remarkably linear, the variability of the slopes and intercepts of the lines is considerable. The means and standard deviations of the temperature and salinity at each individual station are not explicable in terms of linear combinations of the parameters for location in the Estuary, the upstream water properties, the phase of the spring‐neap cycle and the tidal energies.

It is shown that the tidally‐averaged density structure is separable into horizontal and vertical components and that its vertical variation over the whole Estuary may be explained by any one of three different functional forms. However, its horizontal variation is not explicable in terms of linear combinations of the parameters mentioned in the paragraph above.

Plots of the horizontal variations in temperature, salinity or density may only be meaningful if the data are collected synoptically, and even then cannot be considered to be accurate over time‐scales longer than one tidal cycle.  相似文献   

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea     

ZHANG Yuyu  LU Songhui  ZHANG Chuansong  GAO Yahui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):121-128

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.  相似文献   

Reproductive biology of scad, Trachurus mediterraneus (Teleostei, Carangidae), from the Gulf of Trieste     

Viette  Michele; Giulianini  Piero Giulio; Ferrero  Enrico Antonio 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1997,54(2):267-272

  相似文献